The true and living God "rules in the kingdoms of men" (Daniel 9:21). Revelation 16 appears to describe God's judgment of the Roman empire. These "bowls of the wrath of God" are poured out on the earth, not in the final judgment, but in a judgment that results in men continuing to blaspheme God (Revelation 16:21).
Rome sinned against God, did not heed the warnings of the trumpets, and God poured out His wrath.
I have sinned against God. His trumpets of warnings are sounding now. I can avoid His wrath if I repent.
Jason Cicero